Mesenchymal stem cell?derived exosomes for organ development and cell?free therapy

Exosomes are nanosized membrane-bound extracellular vesicles with the capacity to modify functions and behaviors of recipient cells via transferring unique biological information. Mounting evidence suggests that under developmental conditions, mesenchymal cell-derived exosomes capable mediating intercellular communication between epithelium mesenchyme during organogenesis salivary gland, tooth, hair follicle, kidney, shedding light on potential therapeutic benefits elicited by in nanomedicine. Representing most extensively investigated multipotent stem cells, (MSCs) have been identified extracted from a wide variety tissues. Accordingly, derived MSCs (MSC-Exos) can be easily accessed manipulated as nanoparticles, giving rise an entirely new agents for MSC-Exos presently emerged efficacious alternatives cell-free strategies disease contexts ischemic heart disease, cutaneous wound healing coronavirus 2019. In this review, we first present critical analysis research state terms their biogenesis, molecular composition, isolation characterization, then summarize current understanding regulation mediated reparative conferred MSC-Exos, along particular emphasis underlying mechanisms action commentary major outstanding issues faced MSC-Exos.